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- 1 = Lateral to foramina; most common (50%); risk of nerve injury 6%
- 2 = Through foramina – 28% nerve injury
- 3 = Medial to foramina – 57% nerve injury
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- Transverse
- Spinopelvic dissociation
- H-shape
- U-shape
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- Undisplaced < 1cm = conservative
- Displaced > 1 cm = ORIF
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- Out of this, risk of injury to S1 and L5 nerve roots
- Lateral view - ensure iliac cortical densities (ICD) are lined up. The ICD marks the anterosuperior boundary. Penetrating this may injure L5 nerve root.
- Outlet view - identify sacral foramina (for superior-inferior positioning).
- Inlet view - identify S1 body (for AP positioning)
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The one who conceals hatred has lying lips, and whoever utters slander is a fool. Proverbs 10:18